A CAS Registry Number is a unique identifier assigned to a chemical substance by the Chemical Abstracts Service, written as digits in three hyphen-separated groups. The final digit is a check digit computed from the others, so a mistyped CAS number is usually detectable as invalid rather than silently wrong.
It is an index entry, not a measurement. A CAS number identifies which substance is under discussion and carries no information about purity, quality or source. Two vials with the same CAS number can be very different material.
Because the identifier is exact, a wrong one does not point at an approximately similar compound — it points at a different molecule entirely. Note also that a free base and its salt are separate registrations with separate numbers. Echo Peptides publishes a CAS number only where it has been verified against a chemical database; where verification was not possible the field is left blank rather than filled.